The Construction of Recurve Bows
In a recurve bow the tips of the bow are bent towards the archer, giving a bigger draw weight but this also increases pressure on construction materials. It additionally causes an increase in noise. A durable, high tensile strength material is needed for limbs. In the past wood was the material of choice, especially in bows made of a single material. Sophisticated techniques emerged to take advantage of the properties of various woods. For instance Yew was widely employed in Europe as the heartwood is excellent for storing energy and the sapwood has high tensile strength.
Compound Bow Construction
Compound bows however, use a combination of construction materials. In the past laminated construction methods used horn, sinew and bamboo. Bows made using this method have shorter limbs with a higher draw weight but tend to be less sturdy than single material bows. They may also be made using water soluble glue so would need to be kept dry. Today metals, laminated woods, fiberglass and carbon fiber are all materials used in these types of bows.
The String
The string must be lightweight but resistant to stretching, not affected by moisture but still able to hold the necessary draw weight. In the past animal sinew, guts and hair were all used as well as some linen and hemp and other plant fibers. The plant fibres, although costlier to produce, had improved strength. Nowadays synthetic construction materials are usually used as they are resistant to water and have good mechanical properties. They are also cheap to manufacture.
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